The satellite, which has a designed life of seven years, is equipped with two panchromatic/multispectral cameras, with a resolution up to a ...
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| The satellite, which has a designed life of seven years, is equipped with two panchromatic/multispectral cameras, with a resolution up to a meter and a coverage range of 60 km. (Representational Image: IE) |
What is remote sensing and what is it used for?
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance (typically from satellite or aircraft). Special cameras collect remotely sensed images, which help researchers "sense" things about the Earth. Some examples are:
- Cameras on satellites and airplanes take images of large areas on the Earth's surface, allowing us to see much more than we can see when standing on the ground.
- Sonar systems on ships can be used to create images of the ocean floor without needing to travel to the bottom of the ocean.
- Cameras on satellites can be used to make images of temperature changes in the oceans.
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| Arial photo was taken by Chinese Satellite |
Some specific uses of remotely sensed images of the Earth include:
- Large forest fires can be mapped from space, allowing rangers to see a much larger area than from the ground.
- Tracking clouds to help predict the weather or watching erupting volcanoes, and help to watch for dust storms.
- Tracking the growth of a city and changes in farmland or forests over several years or decades.
- Discovery and mapping of the rugged topography of the ocean floor (e.g., huge mountain ranges, deep canyons, and the “magnetic striping” on the ocean floor).
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| Arial photo was taken by Chinese Satellite |
The sum surpasses that of declared funding rounds by any other Chinese commercial space companies, including large rounds secured by launch service providers Expace, Landspace ($175 million) and iSpace ($173 million), as well as Qianxun Spatial Intelligence Inc. The amount raised by the Changchun-based firm also notably eclipses the total funding so far raised by U.S. remote sensing startup Planet.
Chinese news portal Caixin notes the investors include the private equity unit of Haitong Innovation Capital Management, Shenzhen Capital Group, China Capital Investment Group, Matrix Partners China and artificial intelligence specialist iFlyTek.
The funding will mainly go towards the development of the 138-satellite Jilin-1 constellation of “high performance optical remote sensing satellites.” The initial phase will consist of 60 satellites to offer a 30-minute revisit for any point on the globe, CGST states. The firm aims to complete the full, 138-satellite, 10-minute revisit constellation around 2030.
CGST, known as Charming Globe in English, has so far had 28 satellites launched successfully. It also has plans for synthetic aperture radar and hyperspectral satellites.
In September 2018 a Jilin-1 satellite returned video footage of the launch of a OneSpace OS-X1 solid suborbital rocket. Another Jilin-1 satellite, sponsored by Bilibili, a Chinese video sharing website, was lost on the inaugural Kuazhou-11 flight in July.
Chinese space sector expansion
The funding caps a year of major investment which has also seen a range of cooperation agreements between space companies and local governments, promising an expansion of space activities.
The Chinese government opened portions of the space sector to private capital in 2014. A national strategy of military-civilian fusion has facilitated technology transfer in order to foster innovation, lower costs and create new supply chains, to benefit both civilian and military capacities. These policies are apparently bearing fruit.
2020 has seen a flurry of investment in the Chinese space industry and a number of deals between local government and space companies. Chinese launch firms Landspace, iSpace, Galactic Energy—which in November reached orbit—and OneSpace have all secured funding this year. A government “new infrastructure” policy announced in the spring promoted and boosted the development of “satellite internet”. In June Beijing announced a policy to accelerate the development of satellite internet, supporting satellite companies in the north of the city and rocket firms in the south.
Local governments support the launch sector
A number of local governments and provinces have been forging agreements with commercial space companies. Landspace has located its test facilities in Huzhou, east China, OneSpace gained support for activities in Chongqing, while Galactic Energy recently struck a deal with the southwestern Chinese city of Jianyang, under the administration of Chengdu, for the construction of a rocket research, testing and manufacturing facility.
CAS Space, another spinoff from the state’s Chinese Academy of Sciences, is developing a rocket production facility in Nansha District in Guangzhou, the capital of southern Guangdong province. CAS Space is developing what would be China’s largest solid rocket in terms of payload capacity and aims for a first launch in 2021. The so-called “national team”, referring to the traditional state space sector, is also expanding its activities.
The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. (CASC), the country’s main space contractor, is developing the ‘Eastern aerospace port’ with Haiyang City on the eastern coast for sea launches of light-lift solid rockets. China Rocket Co. Ltd., a commercial spinoff from CASC launch vehicle institute CALT is also involved. The Long March 11 rocket that launched the GECAM gravitational wave electromagnetic counterpart satellite pair Dec. 9 was assembled at Haiyang.
The Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST), another CASC subsidiary, will cooperate with Ningbo Municipal Government to build an “international commercial satellite launch center” (Chinese) in Ningbo Aerospace Smart Technology City, near the major port city of Ningbo, Zhejiang province, on the east coast.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, located near the Gobi Desert and China’s first launch site, is also understood to be developing a launch complex to facilitate launches of liquid methane-liquid oxygen rockets being developed by Landspace and iSpace. The former plans its first launch of the methalox Zhuque-2 next year while the latter is planning first stage hop tests for a reusable launcher in 2021.